Aromaticity Calculator

Analyze Aromatic and Conjugated Systems

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Hückel's Rule Calculator

Determine aromaticity using Hückel's rule

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Resonance Energy Calculator

Calculate resonance energy and stability

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Conjugation Analyzer

Analyze conjugated systems and electron delocalization

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Understanding Aromaticity

Basic Concepts

Key principles:

  • Hückel's rule (4n+2)
  • Conjugation
  • Electron delocalization
  • Resonance stability

Types of Systems

Classification:

  • Aromatic
  • Antiaromatic
  • Non-aromatic
  • Homoaromatic

Stability Factors

Contributing factors:

  • Ring size
  • Electron count
  • Conjugation
  • Heteroatoms

Applications

Uses in chemistry:

  • Drug design
  • Material science
  • Reaction prediction
  • Stability analysis

Advanced Topics

Special cases:

  • Möbius aromaticity
  • Metalloaromaticity
  • Spherical aromaticity
  • σ-Aromaticity

Essential Aromaticity Formulas

Hückel's Rule

π electrons = 4n + 2

Resonance Energy

RE = Eactual - Etheoretical

Bond Order

BO = (Nbonding - Nantibonding)/2