Buffer pH Calculator

Calculate Buffer pH and Buffer Capacity

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Buffer pH Calculator

Calculate buffer pH using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

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Buffer Capacity Calculator

Calculate the buffer capacity (β) of your solution.

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Buffer Range Calculator

Calculate the effective pH range of your buffer.

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Understanding Buffers

What is a Buffer?

A buffer is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is:

pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

Buffer Capacity

Buffer capacity (β) measures resistance to pH change:

  • Maximum at pH = pKa
  • Depends on concentration
  • Higher is more stable
  • Units: mol/L·pH

Applications

Buffers are used in:

  • Biological systems
  • Chemical analysis
  • Industrial processes
  • Environmental control

Common Buffers

Examples include:

  • Acetate (pKa = 4.76)
  • Phosphate (pKa = 7.21)
  • TRIS (pKa = 8.06)
  • Carbonate (pKa = 10.33)