Fahrenheit to Celsius Converter

Convert Temperature from Fahrenheit to Celsius

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Fahrenheit to Celsius Calculator

Convert temperature values from Fahrenheit (°F) to Celsius (°C).

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Thermal Expansion Calculator

Calculate thermal expansion of materials with temperature change.

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Understanding Thermal Expansion

Basic Concepts

Key points:

  • Linear expansion
  • Volume expansion
  • Thermal stress
  • Material properties
  • Temperature effects

Applications

Used in:

  • Construction
  • Engineering
  • Material design
  • Temperature control
  • Precision instruments

Important Notes

Consider:

  • Expansion coefficients
  • Material constraints
  • Environmental factors
  • Safety margins
  • Stress distribution

Common Values

Reference data:

  • Steel: 11.7 × 10⁻⁶/°C
  • Aluminum: 23.1 × 10⁻⁶/°C
  • Copper: 17.0 × 10⁻⁶/°C
  • Glass: 9.0 × 10⁻⁶/°C

Essential Temperature Conversion Formulas

Basic Conversion

°C = (°F - 32) × 5/9

°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32

Thermal Expansion

ΔL = αL₀ΔT

ΔV = βV₀ΔT

Advanced Relations

β ≈ 3α

σ = EαΔT