Graham's Law Calculator

Calculate Gas Effusion and Diffusion Rates

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Rate Ratio Calculator

Calculate the ratio of effusion/diffusion rates for two gases.

Rate Ratio (r₁/r₂): -

Unknown Mass Calculator

Find unknown molar mass using known rate ratio and reference mass.

Unknown Molar Mass: - g/mol

Time Ratio Calculator

Calculate the ratio of effusion times for two gases.

Time Ratio (t₁/t₂): -

Understanding Graham's Law

What is Graham's Law?

Key concepts of gas effusion:

  • Rate proportional to velocity
  • Inverse square root relation
  • Molecular mass dependence
  • Temperature independence

Rate Relationships

Understanding rate ratios:

  • Effusion rates
  • Diffusion rates
  • Time relationships
  • Mass dependencies

Experimental Methods

Measuring effusion:

  • Effusion apparatus
  • Time measurements
  • Pressure changes
  • Rate determination

Applications

Graham's Law is used in:

  • Gas separation
  • Molecular mass determination
  • Vacuum systems
  • Industrial processes
  • Isotope separation

Essential Graham's Law Formulas

Rate Ratio

r₁/r₂ = √(M₂/M₁)

Where M is molar mass

Time Ratio

t₁/t₂ = √(M₁/M₂)

Inverse of rate ratio

Unknown Mass

M₂ = M₁(r₁/r₂)²

From known rate ratio