Hydration Number Calculator

Calculate Crystal Hydrate Properties

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Hydration Number Calculator

Calculate hydration number from mass and molar data

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Water Content Calculator

Calculate percentage of water in crystal hydrates

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Crystal Properties Calculator

Calculate properties of crystal hydrates

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Understanding Hydration Numbers

Basic Concepts

Key principles:

  • Crystal hydrates
  • Water of crystallization
  • Coordination water
  • Lattice water
  • Zeolitic water

Types of Hydrates

Classifications:

  • Stoichiometric hydrates
  • Non-stoichiometric hydrates
  • Clathrate hydrates
  • Channel hydrates
  • Network hydrates

Properties

Important aspects:

  • Color changes
  • Thermal stability
  • Dehydration process
  • Rehydration
  • Crystal structure

Applications

Common uses:

  • Desiccants
  • Chemical analysis
  • Industrial processes
  • Pharmaceutical compounds
  • Building materials

Advanced Topics

Special cases:

  • Polymorphism
  • Phase transitions
  • Hydrogen bonding
  • Crystal engineering
  • Structural analysis

Essential Hydration Formulas

Hydration Number

x = (MH - MA)/(18.015)

where:

  • x = hydration number
  • MH = mass of hydrated compound
  • MA = mass of anhydrous compound
  • 18.015 = molar mass of water

Water Content

% H₂O = (n × 18.015 × 100)/M

where:

  • n = hydration number
  • M = molar mass of hydrated compound

Crystal Density

ρ = M/(NA × V)

where:

  • ρ = crystal density
  • M = molar mass
  • NA = Avogadro's number
  • V = unit cell volume