Karl Fischer Titration Calculator

Precise Water Content Determination

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Titer Determination Calculator

Calculate KF reagent titer using water standards.

Titer value will appear here

Water Content Calculator

Calculate sample water content using KF titration results.

Water content will appear here

Drift Correction Calculator

Calculate drift-corrected water content.

Corrected result will appear here

Understanding Karl Fischer Titration

Basic Principles

The Karl Fischer reaction involves:

  • H₂O + I₂ + SO₂ + CH₃OH + 3RN → [RNH]SO₄CH₃ + 2[RNH]I
  • Stoichiometry: 1 mol I₂ ≡ 1 mol H₂O
  • Endpoint detection by voltage/current
  • Precise reagent standardization

Types of KF Titration

Two main methods:

  • Volumetric:
    • Direct titration with KF reagent
    • Range: 100 ppm to 100%
  • Coulometric:
    • I₂ generated electrochemically
    • Range: 1 ppm to 5%

Important Considerations

Key factors for accurate results:

  • Sample preparation and handling
  • Atmospheric moisture control
  • Regular titer determination
  • Proper drift correction
  • Working condition verification

Applications

Common uses include:

  • Pharmaceutical analysis
  • Food and beverage testing
  • Petrochemical analysis
  • Quality control
  • Research and development

Essential Karl Fischer Formulas

Titer Calculation

Titer = (m × w%) / (V × 100)

Where:

m = Standard mass (g)

w% = Water content (%)

V = Titrant volume (mL)

Water Content

H₂O% = (V × T × 100) / m

Where:

V = Titrant volume (mL)

T = Titer (mg/mL)

m = Sample mass (mg)

Drift Correction

Corrected = Result - (Drift × Time)

Where:

Drift = µg H₂O/min

Time = Minutes