Lattice Energy Calculator

Calculate Crystal Lattice Energy with Precision

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Basic Lattice Energy Calculator

Calculate lattice energy using the Born-Landé equation.

Lattice Energy: - kJ/mol

Born-Haber Cycle Calculator

Calculate lattice energy using Born-Haber cycle components.

Lattice Energy: - kJ/mol

Understanding Lattice Energy

What is Lattice Energy?

Lattice energy is the energy required to separate one mole of an ionic solid into gaseous ions. It's a measure of the strength of ionic bonds in a crystal structure. The more negative the lattice energy, the more stable the ionic compound.

Born-Landé Equation

The Born-Landé equation calculates lattice energy:

U = -K(z+)(z-)e²/r₀ × (1 - 1/n)

Where:

  • K is the Madelung constant
  • z+ and z- are the charges of the ions
  • e is the electron charge
  • r₀ is the internuclear distance
  • n is the Born exponent

Born-Haber Cycle

The Born-Haber cycle is a theoretical cycle that calculates lattice energy using:

  • Sublimation energy of metal
  • Ionization energy of metal
  • Electron affinity of non-metal
  • Bond dissociation energy
  • Standard enthalpy of formation

Factors Affecting Lattice Energy

Lattice energy is influenced by:

  • Ionic charge - Higher charges lead to stronger lattice energy
  • Ionic size - Smaller ions create stronger lattice energy
  • Crystal structure - Affects the Madelung constant
  • Ion polarization - Can affect the ionic-covalent character

Essential Lattice Energy Formulas

Born-Landé Equation

U = -K(z+)(z-)e²/r₀ × (1 - 1/n)

Born-Haber Cycle

ΔH(lattice) = ΔH(formation) - [ΔH(sublimation) + ΔH(ionization) + ΔH(dissociation) + ΔH(electron affinity)]