Lattice Parameter Calculator

Calculate Crystal Structure Parameters and Unit Cell Dimensions

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Unit Cell Calculator

Calculate unit cell parameters and volume for different crystal systems.

Unit Cell Parameters: -

Interplanar Spacing Calculator

Calculate d-spacing and related parameters for crystal planes.

Interplanar Spacing: -

Understanding Crystal Structure

Crystal Systems

Seven crystal systems:

  • Cubic: a = b = c, α = β = γ = 90°
  • Tetragonal: a = b ≠ c, α = β = γ = 90°
  • Orthorhombic: a ≠ b ≠ c, α = β = γ = 90°
  • Hexagonal: a = b ≠ c, α = β = 90°, γ = 120°
  • Trigonal: a = b = c, α = β = γ ≠ 90°
  • Monoclinic: a ≠ b ≠ c, α = γ = 90° ≠ β
  • Triclinic: a ≠ b ≠ c, α ≠ β ≠ γ

Lattice Parameters

Key parameters include:

  • Unit Cell Edges: a, b, c
  • Angles: α, β, γ
  • Volume: Depends on system
  • Symmetry Elements: Various operations

Applications

Crystal structure analysis in:

  • Materials science
  • Mineralogy
  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Drug design
  • Semiconductor physics

Advanced Topics

Additional considerations:

  • Space Groups: Symmetry classification
  • Point Groups: Molecular symmetry
  • Bravais Lattices: 14 unique types
  • Reciprocal Space: Diffraction analysis

Essential Crystal Structure Formulas

Cubic Volume

V = a³

Bragg's Law

nλ = 2d sin θ

d-spacing (cubic)

1/d² = (h² + k² + l²)/a²