Lewis Structure Calculator

Calculate Molecular Properties

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Electron Count Calculator

Calculate valence electrons and formal charges

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Bond Order Calculator

Calculate bond orders and types

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Molecular Geometry Calculator

Determine molecular geometry using VSEPR theory

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Understanding Lewis Structures

Basic Concepts

Key principles:

  • Valence electrons
  • Octet rule
  • Formal charge
  • Bond types
  • Resonance structures

Bond Types

Classifications:

  • Single bonds
  • Double bonds
  • Triple bonds
  • Coordinate bonds
  • Resonance bonds

VSEPR Theory

Important aspects:

  • Electron domains
  • Bond angles
  • Molecular shapes
  • Hybridization
  • Polarity

Special Cases

Exceptions:

  • Expanded octets
  • Incomplete octets
  • Free radicals
  • Multiple bonds
  • Hypervalent molecules

Advanced Topics

Complex cases:

  • Molecular orbital theory
  • Electron delocalization
  • Aromaticity
  • Bond energy
  • Electronic effects

Essential Lewis Structure Rules

Formal Charge

FC = V - N - B/2

where:

  • V = valence electrons
  • N = nonbonding electrons
  • B = bonding electrons

Bond Order

BO = Number of shared electron pairs

  • Single bond: 1 pair
  • Double bond: 2 pairs
  • Triple bond: 3 pairs

Total Electrons

TE = ΣV - charge

where:

  • ΣV = sum of valence electrons
  • charge = total molecular charge