Normality Calculator

Calculate Solution Normality with Precision

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Basic Normality Calculator

Calculate the normality of a solution using mass and equivalent weight.

Normality: - N

Equivalent Weight Calculator

Calculate equivalent weight based on molecular weight and valence.

Equivalent Weight: - g/eq

Normality to Molarity Converter

Convert between normality and molarity using valence factor.

Molarity: - M

Understanding Normality

What is Normality?

Normality (N) is the number of gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution. It's particularly useful for acid-base and redox reactions. The formula is:

Normality (N) = (mass of solute × number of equivalents) / (equivalent weight × volume in liters)

Equivalent Weight

Equivalent weight varies depending on the type of reaction:

  • Acids: Molecular weight ÷ number of replaceable H⁺
  • Bases: Molecular weight ÷ number of replaceable OH⁻
  • Salts: Molecular weight ÷ total valence of cation (or anion)
  • Oxidizing/Reducing agents: Molecular weight ÷ change in oxidation number

Relationship with Molarity

Normality and molarity are related by the following equation:

Normality = Molarity × Number of equivalents

For example, 1M H₂SO₄ is 2N because each molecule can donate two H⁺ ions.

Applications

Normality is particularly useful in:

  • Acid-base titrations
  • Redox reactions
  • Precipitation reactions
  • Standardization of solutions

Essential Normality Formulas

Basic Normality

Normality (N) = (mass × 1000) / (Equivalent weight × Volume in mL)

Equivalent Weight

Equivalent Weight = Molecular Weight / Valence

Normality-Molarity Relation

N = M × n (where n is the valence factor)