Photoelectron Spectroscopy Calculator

Precise Photoelectron Analysis

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Binding Energy Calculator

Calculate binding energies from PES data.

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Work Function Calculator

Calculate work function from threshold frequency.

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Orbital Energy Calculator

Calculate molecular orbital energies from PES spectra.

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Understanding Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Basic Principles

Key concepts include:

  • Photoelectric effect
  • Binding energy
  • Work function
  • Kinetic energy
  • Orbital energies

Types of PES

Classification:

  • XPS:
    • Core electrons
    • High energy
  • UPS:
    • Valence electrons
    • Lower energy

Applications

Common uses:

  • Surface analysis
  • Electronic structure
  • Chemical composition
  • Oxidation states
  • Material characterization

Advanced Concepts

Additional topics:

  • Chemical shifts
  • Spin-orbit coupling
  • Multiplet splitting
  • Auger processes
  • Shake-up satellites

Essential PES Formulas

Energy Relations

BE = hν - KE - φ

KE = hν - BE - φ

φ = hν₀

Photoelectric Effect

E = hν

λ = hc/E

ν = c/λ

Orbital Energies

Evacuum = 0 eV

HOMO = -IE

LUMO = -EA