Basic Principles
Key concepts include:
- Acid dissociation constant
- Buffer solutions
- pH scale
- Ionic equilibria
- Buffer capacity
Precise Buffer Analysis
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Calculate pH using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
Calculate buffer pH and capacity.
Calculate acid dissociation and pH.
Key concepts include:
Important aspects:
Common uses:
Additional topics:
pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])
Where:
[A⁻] = Base concentration
[HA] = Acid concentration
β = 2.303C(α)(1-α)
Where:
C = Total concentration
α = Degree of dissociation
Ka = [H⁺][A⁻]/[HA]
pKa = -log(Ka)
α = [H⁺]/Ca