Principal Quantum Number (n)
The principal quantum number (n) determines the main energy level or shell of an electron:
- n = 1: K shell
- n = 2: L shell
- n = 3: M shell
- n = 4: N shell
It can take positive integer values: n = 1, 2, 3, ...
Calculate and Understand Atomic Quantum Numbers
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Calculate allowed energy levels and shell numbers.
Calculate allowed subshell values for a given principal quantum number.
Calculate allowed magnetic quantum numbers for a given l value.
The principal quantum number (n) determines the main energy level or shell of an electron:
It can take positive integer values: n = 1, 2, 3, ...
The angular momentum quantum number (l) describes the subshell and determines the shape of the orbital:
Allowed values: 0 ≤ l ≤ (n-1)
The magnetic quantum number (ml) determines the orbital orientation in space:
Allowed values: -l ≤ ml ≤ +l
The spin quantum number (ms) represents the electron's intrinsic angular momentum:
This follows the Pauli Exclusion Principle.
n = 1, 2, 3, 4, ...
Maximum electrons = 2n²
l = 0 to (n-1)
Subshell electrons = 2(2l + 1)
ml = -l to +l
Number of orbitals = 2l + 1