Titration Curve Calculator

Plot and Analyze Acid-Base Titration Curves

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Strong Acid-Base Titration

Calculate pH values and plot titration curve for strong acid-base titrations.

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Weak Acid-Base Titration

Calculate pH values and plot titration curve for weak acid-base titrations.

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Buffer Region Calculator

Calculate buffer capacity and pH in the buffer region.

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Understanding Titration Curves

Key Points on Titration Curves

A titration curve shows the pH changes during a titration:

  • Initial pH: Determined by the starting solution
  • Buffer Region: Where pH changes slowly
  • Equivalence Point: Where moles of acid = moles of base
  • End Point: Visible color change of indicator

Types of Titrations

Different titrations show different curve shapes:

  • Strong Acid-Strong Base: Sharp S-curve, equivalence at pH 7
  • Weak Acid-Strong Base: Gradual rise, equivalence > pH 7
  • Strong Acid-Weak Base: Gradual rise, equivalence < pH 7
  • Weak Acid-Weak Base: Very gradual change

Buffer Regions

Understanding buffer regions is crucial:

  • Forms when [HA] ≈ [A⁻]
  • Maximum buffer capacity at pH = pKa
  • Effective range: pH = pKa ± 1
  • Buffer capacity depends on total concentration

Indicators and End Points

Choosing the right indicator:

  • Indicator range should include equivalence point
  • Color change should be sharp and visible
  • Multiple indicators may be needed for polyprotic acids
  • pH meters provide more accurate results

Essential Titration Formulas

Strong Acid-Base pH

Before equivalence: pH = -log[H⁺]

At equivalence: pH = 7

After equivalence: pH = 14 + log[OH⁻]

Weak Acid pH

Initial: pH = ½(pKa - log[HA])

Buffer: pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

Buffer Capacity

β = 2.303C(α)(1-α)

where C = total concentration

α = degree of dissociation